EXPLANATION TEXT

 

Assalamualaikum Wr.Wb

Peace be upon you, and Allah mercy and blessings.

I hope those who read this blog are healthy and always adhere to health protocols. In this blog, I will discuss about Explanation Text.

EXPLANATION TEXT

 

Definition

Explanation Text is a text that is used to explain the way or process of something happening, especially those related to natural phenomena, the scientific world or the socio-cultural world. Explanations are written to explain how and why things in the world happen. It's about actions rather than about things.

Function

Explanation text serves to explain the process and causes of an event or thing in detail. An explanation text usually comes from questions related to why and how to an existing phenomenon.

Purpose

To explain the processes that occur in the formation of something or activities related to natural, social, scientific, cultural, and other phenomena that aim to explain why and how this can happen.

Text/Generic Structure

A general statement

Namely the introduction of an event that we will tell. Or a general description of the event. In the general statement contains a general explanation of the phenomenon to be discussed, it can be an introduction to the phenomenon or an explanation.

A sequenced of explanation

That is an explanation of why and how the event occurred. In this section the author can write more than one paragraph. A sequenced of explanation contains an explanation of the process why the phenomenon can occur or be created. A sequenced of explanations in the form of answers to the author's 'why' and 'how' questions when making an Explanation text. In sequenced of explanations it can consist of more than one paragraph.

Closing

That is the conclusion or conclusion of the story. Actually closing is not listed in the generic structure of Explanation text, but most people think that the last paragraph of an Explanation text is closing, even though it is part of the sequenced of explanation which contains the final steps described in the sequenced of explanation section.

Characteristics of Explanation Text

a.    Derived from the author's questions regarding the 'why' and 'how' of an existing phenomenon

b.    lifted from the phenomenon, the focus of the material is not on the object or person, but on events or events that occur to the person or object.

c.    Using Simple Present Tense

This text uses the Simple Present Tense because this text describes facts.

d.    Using action verbs

Action Verbs are verbs that are used to describe an action that is taking place. Examples are do, make, create, and so on.

e.    Using passive voice

The use of Passive Voices aims to emphasize the focus on the happenings rather than the subject.

f.    Using noun phrases

g.    Using adverbial phrases

h.    Using technical terms

These technical terms refer to technical terms related to the topics discussed in this text.

i.     Using general and abstract nouns

j.     Using the conjunction of time and cause-effect.

 

Example:

The example text above is an explanation text because the text describes a natural phenomenon, namely the occurrence of rain. In addition, the text has the same characteristics and structure as the characteristics and structure of Explanation Text, namely:

How Does Rain Happen 

We all know that rain is primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, providing suitable condition for diverse ecosystems. Rain is water that descends from the sky through several processes until the rain occurs. Do you know how does rain happen?

The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of water circle includes the sun heating the Earth’s water surface and causing the water surface to evaporate. Earth’s water includes water from lake, river, and ocean. Then, the water vapor experiences condensation and becomes condensed vapor. Condensed vapor is formed from droplets so that when the air temperature is higher, it makes the droplets gather, condensed and formed into clouds. The presence of winds helps clouds move and gather in other places that have lower temperatures. At that time, the droplets become heavier and unstoppable and cause the droplets to fall so that there is rain.

If the droplets drop in an area with very cold temperatures, the droplets will drop as snow. However, not all rain reaches the surface. Some evaporates while falling through dry air. This is called Virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions.

Characteristic features:

a.    Using Simple Present Tense

We can see that all sentences in the text use the Simple Present Tense.

b.    Using Action Verbs. For example, experiences and drops.

c.    Using Passive Voices. For example, “Condensed vapor is formed from droplets so that when the air temperature is higher…”.

d.    Using Noun Phrases. For example, Earth's water surface.

e.    Using Technical Terms. For example, evaporate, condensation, and Virga.

Contains an explanation of the process of rain.

Generic Structures:

1.    General Statement (paragraph 1)

Contains general information about rain.

2.    Explanation (paragraph 2)

Contains a series of stages of the occurrence of rain.

3.    Closing (paragraph 3)

The closing section contains additional information in the form of rain that falls in cold areas (snow) and in hot areas (Virga).

 Exercise PART 1

D. Penugasan Mandiri

Agar lebih mahir dalam menangkap makna berbagai teks eksplanasi, mari berlatih untuk memahami makna dari teks berikut ini.

Answer these questions below based on the text given correctly.

 

Tsunami

Tsunami occurs when major fault under the ocean floor suddenly slips. The displaced rock pushes water above it like a giant paddle, producing powerful water waves at the ocean surface. The ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the earthquake source and move across the ocean until they reach the coastline, where their height increases as they reach the continental shelf, the part of the earth crust that slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor up to the land.

A tsunami washes ashore with often disastrous effects such as severe flooding, loss of lives due to drowning and damage to property. A tsunami is a very large sea wave that is generated by a disturbance along the ocean floor. This disturbance can be an earthquake, a landslide, or a volcanic eruption. A tsunami is undetectable far out in the ocean, but once it reaches shallow water, this fast traveling wave grows very large. 

1.      Tsunami happens because major fault under the ocean floor suddenly slips

2.      The impacts of Tsunami are disastrous effects such as severe flooding, loss of lives due to drowning, and damage to property.

3.      The disturbance of tsunami is that the ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the earthquake source and move across the ocean until they reach the coastline, where their height increases as they reach the continental shelf, the part of the earth crust that slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor up to the land.

4.      From the second paragraph we know that tsunami makes unfortunate event

5.      The text mostly tells us about how and why tsunami happens.

 

E. Latihan Soal

 

Choose the best option A, B, C , D or E !

 

Teks Eksplanasi 1:

Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be thrown away. Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic spoons, can be recycled. The recycling process reclaims the original material and uses it in new products. In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy than using new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for high-pollution alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution produced during the manufacturing process.

Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and office paper. The most commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper recycling, old newspapers are collected and searched for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminum foil. The paper goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot water and turned into pulp in a machine that works much like a big kitchen blender. The pulp is screened and filtered to remove smaller contaminants. The pulp then goes to a large vat where the ink separates from the paper fibers and fl oats to the surface. The ink is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or burned as boiler fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new wood fibers to be made into paper again.

Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month. Every ton of paper that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m ( about 50 cu ft) of landfill space. One ton of recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees ( trees used to produce paper ).

 

1.      The following things can be recycled, EXCEPT....

a.      Precious metals

b.      Broken glass

c.      Old newspapers

d.      Plastic spoons

e.      Fresh vegetables and fruits

Answer : e.Fresh vegetables and fruits

2.      Which of the following is NOT the benefit of recycling?

a.      It costs much money for the process of recycling

b.      It costs less to make new products

c.      It requires less energy

d.      It can reduce pollution

e.      It reduces the demand for high-pollution alternatives

Answer : e. It reduces the demand for high-pollution alternatives

3.      What is the third step of recycling paper products?

a.      Collect and search for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminium foil

b.      Mix the paper with hot water in a blender which turns it into pulp

c.      Screen and filter the pulp to remove smaller contaminants

d.      Put the pulp to a large vat to separate the ink from the paper fibres

e.      Mix the pulp with new wood fibres to be made into paper again

Answer : c.Screen and filter the pulp to remove smaller contaminants

4.      We can make use of the ink after being separated from the paper fibres by doing the followings, EXCEPT....

a.      Skim it off

b.      Dry it

c.      Reuse as ink

d.      Burn as boiler fuel

e.      Mix it with the pulp

Answer : e. Mix it with the pulp

Teks Eksplanasi 2

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to built up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into substances that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called digestion.

The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive juice which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the food onwards.

In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

 

5.      What is the text about?

a.      The digestive system

b.      The digestive juice

c.      The method of the digestive system

d.      The process of intestine work

e.      The food substances

Answer : a.The digestive system

6.      How can we swallow the food easily?

a.      The food changes into acids absorbed by the villi.

b.      The food must be digested first through the process.

c.      The food is directly swallowed through esophagus into the stomach.

d.      The food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach.

e.      The food we take must be changed into substances carried in the blood to the places.

Answer : b. The food must be digested first through the process.

7.      From the text above, we imply that ....

a.      a good process of digestive system will help our body becoming healthier.

b.      no one concerned with the process of digestive system for their health.

c.      the digestive system is needed if we are eating the food instantly.

d.      every body must conduct the processes of digestive system well.

e.      the better we digest the food we eat, the healthier we will be.

Answer : a. good process of digestive system will help our body becoming healthier.

8.      Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. (Paragraph 1) The phrase made up means ....

a.      Produced

b.      Managed

c.      Arranged

d.      Completed

e.      Constructed

Answer : e. Constructed

 

Teks Eksplanasi 3

 

Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate from? In this article we’ll enter the amazing world of chocolate so you can understand exactly what you’re eating. Chocolate starts with a tree called the cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in places such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree’s seeds, also known as cocoa beans.

The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun and then shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavor, so they are often sorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix. Next, the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then, the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs form liquid. It’s pure bitter chocolate.

9.      The text is about ....

a.         the cacao tree

b.        the cacao beans

c.         the raw chocolate

d.        the making of chocolate

e.         the flavour of chocolate

Answer : d. the making of chocolate

10. The third paragraph focuses on ....

a.      the process of producing chocolate

b.      how to produce the cocoa flavour

c.      where chocolate comes from

d.      the chocolate liquor

e.      the cacao fruit

Answer : a. the process of producing chocolate

11. ...so they are often sorted and blended to produce ... (Paragraph 3.) The word sorted has the closest meaning to ....

a.      Arranged

b.      Combined

c.      Separated

d.      Distributed

e.      Organized

Answer : c. Separated

12.  How does the chocolate maker start to make chocolate?

a.      By fermenting the beans.

b.      By roasting the beans

c.      By blending the beans.

d.      By sorting the beans.

e.      By drying the beans

Answer : b. By roasting the beans

 

Teks Eksplanasi 4

 

What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is a food-making process that occurs in green plants. It is the chief function of leaves. The word photosynthesis means putting together with light. Green plants use energy from light to combine carbon dioxide and water to make sugar and other chemical compounds. How is the light used in photosynthesis?

The light used in photosynthesis is absorbed by a green pigment called chlorophyll. Each food-making cell in a plant leaf contains chlorophyll in small bodies called chloroplasts. In chloroplast, light energy causes water drawn form the soil to split into hydrogen and oxygen.

What are the steps of photosynthesis process? Let me tell you the process of photosynthesis, in a series of complicated steps, the hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide from the air, forming a simple sugar. Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in the process. From sugar together with nitrogen, sulphur, and phosporus from the soil-green plants can make starch, fat, protein, vitamins, and other complex compounds essential for life. Photosynthesis provides the chemical energy that is needed to produced these compounds.

 

13.  What step after the hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide from the air ...

a.      Photosynthesis provides the chemical energy that is needed to produced these compounds.

b.      Water drawn form the soil to split into hydrogen and oxygen.

c.      Food-making process that occurs in green plants.

d.      Phosporus from the soil-green plants can make starch, fat, protein, vitamins, and other complex compounds essential for life.

e.      Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in the process.

Answer : e. Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in the process.

14.      What are photosynthesis need ....

a.      Water, light, oxygen, worm

b.      Soil, chlorophyll, sun, human

c.      Bug, air, oxigen, food

d.      Light, Carbon dioxide, humus

e.      Candle, vitamins, hydrogen

Answer : d. Light, Carbon dioxide, humus

15.    What the product of photosynthesis ....

a.      Sugar

b.      Food and O2

c.      Root

d.      Food

e.      Branch

Answer : b. Food and O2

 

 Exercise PART 2

D. Penugasan Mandiri

Untuk lebih memahami tentang penggunaan kalimat pasif yang benar, ayo kita cobamkerjakan latihan soal berikut ini.

 

Choose the right passive voice form!

 

1.      Mommy cleans the room every day.

a.      The room was clean by mommy every day

b.      The room is clean by mommy every day

c.      The room is cleaned by mommy every day

d.      Mommy is cleaned the room every day

e.      The room was being cleaned by mommy every day

Answer : c.The room is cleaned by mommy every day

2.      My uncle fixed the toy yesterday. The passive voice of the sentence is ....

a.      My uncle was fixed the toy yesterday

b.      The toy was fixed by my uncle yesterday

c.      The toy was fix by my uncle yesterday

d.      My uncle was being fixed the toy yesterday

e.      The toy had been fixed by my uncle yesterday

Answer : b.The toy was fixed by my uncle yesterday

3.      Joe has taken a Mandarin course.

a.      Joe has been taken a Mandarin course

b.      A Mandarin course taken by Joe

c.      A Mandarin course has been taken by Joe

d.      Mandarin courses have taken by Joe

e.      Mandarin course will be taken by Joe

Answer: c. A Mandarin course has been taken by Joe

4.      In the 1920’s, this TV ....

a.      is manufactured

b.      was manufactured

c.      will be manufactured

d.      is going to manufactured

e.      would manufacture

Answer : b.was manufactured

5.      She ... to my wedding party.

a.      are invited

b.      have been invited

c.      has been invited

d.      invited

e.      has invited

Answer : c. has been invited

6.      Her first novel ... tomorrow morning.

a.    is launched

b.    was launched

c.    will be launched

d.    has launched

e.    have launched

Answer : c.will be launched

 

E. Latihan Soal

Sekarang, ayo kita berlatih lebih banyak lagi tentang penyusunan teks eksplanasi dengan mengingat kembali bagian-bagian dari teks eksplanasi.

 

1.    Give the generic structure of the text below by giving the name for every paragraph in boxes given.

 

Generic Structure	Explanation Text
General Statement	Biodiesel is a clean burning substitute for petroleum based diesel fuel. Biodiesel is made of vegetable oil
Sequenced Explanation	To make or manufacture Biodiesel, you must first start with raw materials. The raw materials needed in the production of Biodiesel are a small amount of methanol and a ready supply of vegetable product. One of the most common vegetables used in the production of Biodiesel is corn, although depending on the geographic location of the manufacturing facility many other plants are used as well (rapeseed, soybeans, flaxseed, etc.). The first step is to use the raw vegetable product to make vegetable oil. Vegetable oil by itself will not be what you need to power a car, from here it has to be processed into Biodiesel.
Sequenced Explanation	The process for converting vegetable oil into Biodiesel is sometimes called ester interchange. To complete this process the vegetable oil has to be combined with a smaller amount of methanol and then put in the presence of a small quantity of an alkaline catalyst (for example, 5% to 1% sodium hydroxide). Vegetable oil is made up of so-called triglycerides, which is a compound of the trivalent alcohol glycerin with three fatty acids. The goal of ester interchange is to separate the glycerin molecule from the three fatty acids and replace it with three methanol molecules
Closing	This process then yields roughly 90% Biodiesel and 10% of a glycerin byproduct. The glycerin byproduct can be used in a number of other chemical processes for different industries.

 

 How Rainbow Is Formed

 

Rainbow is a natural phenomenon that occurs every time it rains. Rainbows are beautiful colors in the form of light of various colors that appear parallel to each other in the sky. The rainbow is curved from one end to the other. Rainbows also have certain types, namely the types of primary rainbows and secondary rainbows. A primary rainbow is a rainbow that occurs due to one reflection of rainwater that has the strongest color. While a secondary rainbow is a rainbow that occurs because of the reflection of light twice or more.

The process of forming a rainbow itself is due to the refraction of sunlight by water droplets. Rainbows only occur during the day. That's the reason why rainbows can't be found at night. Without sunlight there will never be a rainbow. In addition to sunlight, the lack of rain is also the main cause of rainbows which function as optical illusions. .

At first, the process of the occurrence of a rainbow comes from sunlight passing through a raindrop. Then the raindrops diverge away from the particles, then refract into various colors through the middle of the raindrops thus separating white light into the colors of the spectrum. The light in each color of the rainbow will be bent at a different angle which will give the rainbow a beautiful color

Therefore, the colors of the rainbow are formed of various colors. Each color of the rainbow will be bent at a different angle. The first one to be deflected is purple, and the last one is red. And other rainbow colors such as, yellow, green, orange, blue, indigo will follow in full in the color decomposition process. This is what will form a rainbow that curves like a bow.

Rainbows can only be seen after the rain along with the sun. But it must be from the opposite direction which is between the sun and the water droplets with the position of the sun behind the observer in a straight line. Rainbows can also be seen clearly around the waterfall. Lots of people like rainbows, it's no wonder the rainbow is used as a universal symbol of joy.

Questions and answers

 

What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is a food-making process that occurs in green plants. It is the chief function of leaves. The word photosynthesis means putting together with light. Green plants use energy from light to combine carbon dioxide and water to make sugar and other chemical compounds.

How is the light used in photosynthesis?

The light used in photosynthesis is absorbed by a green pigment called chlorophyll. Each food-making cell in a plant leaf contains chlorophyll in small bodies called chloroplasts. In chloroplast, light energy causes water drawn form the soil to split into hydrogen and oxygen.

What are the steps of photosynthesis process? Let me tell you the process of photosynthesis, in a series of complicated steps, the hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide from the air, forming a simple sugar. Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in the process. From sugar together with nitrogen, sulphur, and phosporus from the soil-green plants can make starch, fat, protein, vitamins, and other complex compounds essential for life. Photosynthesis provides the chemical energy that is needed to produced these compounds.

 

1.     What step after the hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide from the air …

a. Photosynthesis provides the chemical energy that is needed to produced these compounds.

b.Water drawn form the soil to split into hydrogen and oxygen.

c. Food-making process that occurs in green plants.

d.Phosporus from the soil-green plants can make starch, fat, protein, vitamins, and other complex compounds essential for life.

e. Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in the process.

Answer : E. Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in the process.

2.     What are photosynthesis need …

a.   Water, light, oxygen, worm

b.  Soil, chlorophyll, sun, human

c.   Bug, air, oxigen, food

d.  Light, Carbon dioxide, humus

e.   Candle, vitamins, hydrogen

Answer : D. Light, Carbon dioxide, humus

3.     What the product of photosynthesis …

a.   Sugar

b.  Food and O2

c.   Root

d.  Food

e.   Branch

Answer : B. Food and O2

4.     What kind of the text …

a.     Narrative text

b.     Hortatory text

c.      Descussion text

d.     Explanation text

e.      Descriptive text

Answer : D. Explanation text

 

The sense of taste is one of a person’s five senses. We taste with the help of taste-buds in the tongue.

There are four main kinds of taste: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. All other tastes are just mixtures of two or more of these main types.

The surface of the tongue has more than fifteen thousand taste-buds (or cells). These are connected to the brain by special nerves which send the so-called ‘tastes messages.

When the tongue comes into contact with food of any kind, the taste-buds will pick up the taste. The nerves then send a message to the brain. This will make us aware of the taste. All this happens in just a few seconds.

There are four kinds of taste-buds, each of which is sensitive to only a particular taste. These four groups are located in different parts of the tongue.

The taste-buds for salty and sweet tastes are found round the tip of the tongue and along its sides. Sour tastes can be picked up only at the sides of the tongue. The taste-buds of the bitter taste are found at the innermost edge of the tongue. There are taste-buds at the centre of the tongue.

The senses of smell and sight can affect taste. The good smell of food increases its taste. Similarly, attractive colours can make food appear tastier and more delicious. If food does not smell good or is dull-coloured, it will look tasty and may not taste good at all.

Very hot or cold sensations can make the taste-buds insensitive. Food that is too hot or too cold, when placed in the mouth, will have no tastes at all.

 

5.     We can taste any kind of food because of ……..

a.   the good smell of food

b.  the four main kinds of taste

c.   the taste-buds in the tongue

d.  the senses of smell and sight

e.   the taste-buds round the tip of the tongue

Answer : C. the taste-buds in the tongue

6.     When we eat very hot or cold food ……..

a.   the food will lose its taste

b.  the food won’t smell good

c.   the taste of the food increases

d.  the taste-buds will be sensitive

e.   the taste-buds will be very, responsive

Answer : A. the food will lose its taste

7.     The senses of smell and sight ……..

a.     increase the taste of the food

b.     affect the taste of the food

c.      make food more delicious

d.     make the food look good

e.      make the food attractive

Answer : B. affect the taste of the food

8.     The purpose of the text is ……..

a.     to explain how we can taste any food in the mouth

b.     to give a report about the sense of taste

c.      to inform how important the tongue is

d.     to describe the use of the tongue

e.      to tell the taste of the food

Answer : A. to explain how we can taste any food in the mouth

 

Source : https://englishadmin.com/2018/12/55-contoh-soal-explanation-text-dan-jawabannya.html

CONCLUSION

 

EXPLANATION TEXT

 

STRUCTURE OF EXPLANATION TEXT

·        A general statement

·        Sequenced explanations

·        Closing / Concluding Statements

LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTICS

·        Elements of Language

·        Adverb first, then, following, finally

·        Cause-and-effect relationship (if –then, so, as a consequence, since, due to, because of, thanks to

·        Passive sentences, in present tenses

·        Speech, stress, intonation, spelling, punctuation and handwriting

TOPICS

Non-human objects, such as water, evaporation, rain with exposure that fosters the behavior contained in KI

PART 3

 PENILAIAN HARIAN : 1. 90   2. 100

Enough of the blog about Explanation Text. See you on the next blog.

Wassalamualaikum Wr.Wb